Joaquim Guerreiro was a Portuguese cartoonist who was both a pioneer in comics as well as animation. He directed the first Portuguese animated short: 'O Pesadelo de António Maria' ('The Nightmare of António Maria', 1923). This two-minute long short was released on 25 January 1923. The picture is notable for featuring a caricature of Portuguese Prime Minister António Maria da Silva. Unfortunately the picture is nowadays considered lost, but Guerreiro also made a comic strip about it, published in Tiro Ao Alvo. The 150 original drawings of this animated short were rediscovered in the late 1990s by a collector of a second-hand bookstore. In 2001 a reconstruction of this movie was therefore made possible under direction and production of Paulo Cambraia and Fernando Rocha, with a new soundtrack provided by António Victorino d'Almeida.
